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SPRAINS VS STRAINS

 

SPRAINS VS. STRAINS

  • A sprain is an injury to a ligament, the fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to other bones. Ligaments acts as a stabilizing structure in the musculoskeletal system and limit excessive motion in joints.

  • A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon.  Muscles are the contractile tissues that facilitate movement throughout our body and the tendons serve as a connection between our muscle and bone.

  • Sprains are typically the result of a sudden and excessive force resulting in a stretch or tear of the ligament.  (ex. twisting an ankle)

  • Strains are the result of performing an activity that places an excessive stress on a muscle. (ex. lifting an object too heavy)

How Sprains are Classified:

Grade 1 (mild)- The ligament has become overstretched, but there is no significant compromise to the integrity of the ligament, meaning the joint is still stable.  There will be minor pain and potentially  subtle swelling and bruising.  

Grade 2 (moderate)-The ligament is still intact, but has experienced a partial tear.  There will be moderate discomfort and increased bruising, swelling and most likely a noticeable loss in function and difficulty utilizing the affected body part.  Imaging such as x-ray and MRI may be indicated for further clarity on the involved structures and degree of injury.  

Grade 3 (severe)- The ligament has experienced a complete tear or rupture.  Pain, swelling and bruising is typically severe and there will be instability at the affected joint.  X-rays and MRI are indicated to rule in/out any broken bones to confirm degree of ligamentous damage.  Significant loss of function with this joint/body part will be experienced and surgical intervention may be necessary to reconstruct the ligament and provide adequate stability for the joint.

How Strains are Classified:

Strains utilize a similar classification system to sprains.

Grade 1- Mild fiber damage has occurred, but the overall structure has not been compromised.  Minor discomfort, bruising and weakness may be noted.

Grade 2- The muscle and tendon remain intact, but more extensive damage has been done. Increased pain, bruising and further weakness will be experienced.  

Grade 3- A complete tear or rupture of the muscle and/or tendon has occurred.  Significant pain and bruising is expected and the muscle will no longer be functional without surgical repair.

Physical therapy can help with strains and sprains as a Physical Therapist will create an individualized plan to take you through the various rehab stages and return to your prior functional level and full potential.

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